My Border Collie, Chilli, has just turned nine, and although he still acts like a puppy most days, there are little tell-tale signs that he's getting older — like the grey hairs beginning to appear around his muzzle. I find myself watching him a little more closely than I used to, because as a veterinarian, I know the earliest signs of joint discomfort can be incredibly subtle.

One of the biggest myths I hear from dog owners is that slowing down is simply a normal part of ageing. While our dogs do change as they get older, age itself shouldn't be painful. Dogs are stoic, and those little changes in movement are often their way of telling us they're uncomfortable and that something isn't quite right.

The good news is that if we recognise those signs early, there are lots of things we can do to support healthy joints, maintain mobility and help our dogs stay active, happy and enjoying life for as long as possible.

What is osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis affecting dogs, and one of the leading causes of chronic pain as they get older. It develops gradually when the smooth cartilage that cushions the joints begins to wear away. As that protective cartilage deteriorates, the joint becomes inflamed, movement becomes less comfortable, and everyday activities that once seemed effortless can become more difficult.

Although we often think of arthritis as an older dog's disease, it can affect dogs of any age. Previous injuries, cruciate ligament disease, hip or elbow dysplasia, or simply years of wear and tear can all contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. Larger breeds are generally at greater risk because they're more prone to developmental joint conditions, but arthritis can affect dogs of any breed or size.

Dogs are stoic — those little changes in movement are often their way of telling us they're uncomfortable.

Five early signs your dog may be experiencing joint pain

One of the challenges with joint pain is that dogs can't tell us they're hurting. Instead, they change the way they move, rest or behave. Because these changes often happen gradually, many owners don't realise their dog is uncomfortable until the signs become much more obvious.

1. Stiffness after resting

Does your dog seem stiff or limp slightly when they first get up after sleeping? Perhaps they're taking a little longer to get out of bed to greet you in the morning. This is one of the classic early signs of joint discomfort, and often improves once they've been moving for a few minutes.

2. Reluctance to jump

A dog with sore joints may hesitate before jumping into the car, onto the lounge or up onto the bed. They may also become slower climbing stairs, or start looking for an easier way to get where they want to go.

3. Slowing down on walks

Your dog may still love going for a walk, but you might notice they're walking more slowly, not covering the same distance, or wanting to head home sooner than they used to. Some dogs also stop wanting to chase a ball or play for as long as they once did.

4. Sleeping more and playing less

Many owners assume their dog has simply become quieter with age, but reduced activity can sometimes be a sign they're avoiding movements that have become uncomfortable.

5. Changes in mood or behaviour

Dogs don't always show pain by crying or vocalising. Some become quieter, others become less tolerant or grumpier, while some may avoid being handled or become protective when certain areas of their body are touched.

Six ways to support healthy joints

While we can't stop the ageing process, there are plenty of practical things we can do to help support our dogs' mobility and quality of life.

1. Keep your dog at a healthy weight

Maintaining a healthy weight is essential, as excess weight can exacerbate arthritis by placing additional strain on the affected joints. If your dog needs to lose weight, speak to your veterinarian about an appropriate diet and weight-loss plan.

2. Gentle exercise

Regular, low-impact exercise helps maintain muscle strength, flexibility and joint function. Gentle daily walks and swimming are good choices, but try to avoid activities that involve repeated jumping, twisting or excessive stair climbing if your dog is showing signs of joint pain.

3. Make life easier

Small changes around the home can make a big difference. Non-slip flooring, ramps or steps to help your dog get into the car or onto the bed, and a supportive orthopaedic bed can all help reduce strain on sore joints. During winter, ensure your dog's bed is warm and away from cold draughts.

4. Consider a quality joint supplement

I'm taking a proactive approach with Chilli. While he's still very active, I know that supporting his joints now may help maintain his mobility as he gets older. Joint supplements aren't a substitute for maintaining a healthy weight, appropriate exercise or veterinary care, but they can form part of an overall joint health plan.

When choosing a joint supplement, I look for ingredients with evidence supporting joint health, including glucosamine, chondroitin, green lipped mussel and omega-3 fatty acids.

Chilli is currently taking Zesty Paws Hip & Joint Chews together with the Zesty Paws Omega Boost Salmon Oil Blend, which provide a combination of these key joint-supporting ingredients as part of his proactive healthy ageing plan.

Like all supplements, they work best as part of a complete joint care plan rather than as a replacement for appropriate veterinary care.

5. Medication

When arthritis is causing pain, your veterinarian may recommend anti-inflammatory medication or other prescription pain relief. These medications can dramatically improve a dog's comfort and quality of life, helping them enjoy everyday activities again. It's important that they're used under veterinary supervision — you should never give your dog human pain medications unless specifically directed by your veterinarian, as many are toxic to dogs.

6. Regular veterinary check-ups

The earlier joint problems are recognised, the more options you have to help keep your dog comfortable and active. Once your dog reaches their senior years, I recommend a veterinary check-up every six months — but if you think your dog is slowing down, limping slightly, or you're noticing changes in their behaviour, please don't simply put it down to old age.

   

Dogs are very good at hiding pain, and that's why it's up to us to notice the little changes. Chilli reminds me every day that growing older doesn't mean giving up the things he loves. By recognising the early signs of joint discomfort and taking a proactive approach to joint health, we can help our dogs stay active, comfortable and enjoying life for many years to come.